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Battle of Cape Corvo
The Battle of Cape Corvo was a naval engagement of the Ottoman–Habsburg wars fought as part of the struggle for the control of the Mediterranean. It took place in August 1613 near the island of Samos when a Spanish squadron from Sicily, under Admiral Ottavio d'Aragona, engaged an Ottoman fleet led by Sinari Pasha. The Spanish were victorious and captured seven galleys and about 600 prisoners, among them the Bey of Alexandria and another 60 important Ottoman nobles. Cape Corvo was the first major victory of the Spanish fleets under Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna, the Spanish Viceroy of Sicily, as well as the greatest Spanish victory over the Ottoman Empire since the Battle of Lepanto.〔Linde, p. 102〕
==Background==
When Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna, was appointed Viceroy of Sicily in 1610, his main goal after the elimination of the widespread banditry on the island became the reconstruction of its naval forces.〔Linde, p. 101〕 Upon his arrival, the Spanish squadron of Sicily had no seaworthy galleys, and the population feared an Ottoman attack.〔 By July 1612, eight galleys and several sailing vessels had been built following Osuna's instructions, the latter being assigned to transport tasks.〔 Osuna trusted the command of this small force to the Palermitan Ottavio d'Aragona, his favourite naval commander.〔 D'Aragona carried out some raids in Ottoman territory, attacking by surprise La Goulette and Cherchell.〔 Don Antonio Pimentel burnt seven sailing ships led by an English renegade in the port of Tunis that same year.〔Fernández Duro, p. 74〕 The major engagement, as well as Osuna's biggest victory of 1612, was the rejection in August of a huge Ottoman fleet which tried to capture Messina.〔Fernández Duro, p. 77〕 Two galleys and three galliots were captured, and a prize coming from Cartagena was recovered. The Ottoman landing parties, isolated from their ships, surrendered to the Spanish cavalry or attempted to escape inland.〔
In mid-1613, d'Aragona landed 200 musketeers, 50 arquebusiers and 100 pikemen in Chicheri, where they stormed and demolished an Ottoman castle resulting in the deaths of over 800 Turks.〔 Upon d'Aragona's return, Osuna ordered him to prepare a campaign to face the Ottoman fleet in its own waters. The Viceroy had been warned of the departure of a large fleet from Constantinople, and although his informers did not notice the preparation of any attack against the island, he preferred to make sure of it.〔 D'Aragona's galleys were reinforced, each one with 100 muskets, 50 spontoons, 20 bucklers and 150 chuzos in case it was necessary to arm the rowers to help the galley's soldiers to fight the Ottomans.〔 Osuna's flagship, meanwhile, was reinforced with 160 musketeers and seven cannons. According to the Viceroy's spies, the Ottoman fleet was composed of 12 galleys under Mahomet Pasha, a lieutenant of Nasauf Pasha, who remained in Constantinople to consult with Sultan Ahmed I about issues concerning the war with Persia.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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